A) It had a great effect, as even industries across the South were forced to comply with the president's orders.
B) White resistance and a failure to include union activity and the military greatly limited the order's effectiveness.
C) Black women were still refused entry into the armed forces, although they had proven themselves able to handle combat roles.
D) It continued to exclude blacks, very effectively, from any type of defense job in the nation.
F) B) and C)
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A) They placed him under house arrest.
B) They revoked his passport, and refused to allow him to travel abroad.
C) They sent him to prison under solitary confinement, and refused to allow him access to an attorney.
D) They secretly kidnapped him and sent him to live in exile in the Soviet Union.
F) A) and B)
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B
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A) the armed conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union in Siberia after World War II
B) an ideological conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union over different interests for Europe and the rest of the world
C) another name for the Korean War during the early 1950s
D) the war against segregation in the United States
F) None of the above
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A) They decided that they must finally support at least some black rights.
B) They left the Democratic Party to form the Dixiecrat Party, which favored white supremacy.
C) They began violent rebellions against blacks, and even attempted to assassinate Truman.
D) They began to work within Congress to impeach and remove Truman from office.
F) B) and C)
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B
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A) It forbid discrimination by race in defense industries.
B) It forbid discrimination by gender in the armed forces.
C) It officially desegregated the armed forces.
D) It forbid discrimination by race or gender in defense industries.
F) A) and D)
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A) It was a white racist group, dedicated to destroying the NAACP.
B) It was a black group, organized to fight for civil rights in the South.
C) It was an interracial group that challenged the racist system in the South.
D) It was a militant black group that focused on the use of violence to destroy racism.
F) B) and C)
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A) Racism had been the primary force in the riot, and whites should work toward better relations with blacks.
B) They thought blacks had been too aggressive in pushing for rights, and that they were probably under communist influence.
C) The police had acted too harshly and should be punished.
D) The NAACP's language of violence and retaliation was not part of protected First Amendment speech, and was a primary cause of black anger.
F) B) and C)
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B
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A) They were often a part of the transportation corps, delivering supplies to soldiers at the front lines.
B) They were only responsible for digging trenches and setting up temporary quarters for white soldiers.
C) They were rarely put in any position of danger during the war.
D) No African Americans were sent to Europe, since they were thought to be cowards and lazy.
F) A) and C)
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A) Africa should come under American control for its benefit.
B) Blacks should immediately migrate to Africa to gain more civil and political rights.
C) African nations should be free from colonial control.
D) Africa should serve as a model for race relations in the United States.
F) B) and D)
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A) A. Philip Randolph
B) Franklin D. Roosevelt
C) W. E. B. Du Bois
D) Langston Hughes
F) All of the above
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A) It was overcoming the idea of racism even prior to the war.
B) It thought that too many whites would refuse to work in dirty, menial positions.
C) The government wanted all Americans behind the war.
D) It did not-most employers and unions refused to allow blacks to work in wartime industries.
F) None of the above
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A) It made racism and segregation less acceptable as the United States struggled for control and influence among African and Asian nations.
B) It decreased the power of the federal government, which was then less able to help blacks.
C) It decreased the power of the military, making military desegregation less significant.
D) The Soviet policy of overt racism was seen as negative by Americans.
F) A) and C)
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A) Mabel Stauper's efforts to end quotas for black nurses
B) the March on Washington Movement
C) the murder of 2500 black soldiers at the Battle of the Bulge
D) the ineffectiveness of the FEPC during the early part of World War II
F) All of the above
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A) The NAACP experienced some growth, but really had many problems during the war.
B) There were very few-the government effectively shut down the organization during the war.
C) The NAACP grew tremendously in membership and influence, even in the South.
D) The NAACP suspended operations during the war, to avoid being labeled "unpatriotic."
F) C) and D)
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A) Germans often received better treatment than blacks.
B) Germans were freer to move about the camps than blacks.
C) Germans, like other non-black ethnic groups, faced no discrimination within American society during the war.
D) All of these answers are correct.
F) B) and C)
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A) Generally, women didn't play a role, as black men led most organizations.
B) Although college students studied some issues, they rarely decided to become active.
C) Blacks were unified behind a single goal and method in their fight against discrimination.
D) Blacks refused to protest, preferring instead to serve their country in the military as a sign of their patriotism.
F) B) and D)
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A) World War II
B) the Korean War
C) Vietnam
D) some integration had been occurring since the Spanish-American War
F) All of the above
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A) Robeson advocated that all blacks move immediately to the Soviet Union.
B) Robeson declared that he would not be drafted to fight in the Cold War.
C) Robeson could not understand why blacks should go to war for a country that denied them their civil rights.
D) Robeson made public comments stating that he thought HUAC had been infiltrated by communists.
F) C) and D)
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A) Those who served in World War I were more likely to see combat in Europe.
B) Those who served in World War II were generally much poorer and less educated.
C) Those who served in World War II were more likely to be high school or college graduates.
D) Those who served in World War I were generally members of the NAACP or other protest organizations.
F) B) and D)
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A) He immediately desegregated the armed forces, but refused to desegregate defense industry jobs.
B) He immediately desegregated defense industries, but refused to desegregate the armed forces.
C) He did very little, other than token appointments for blacks.
D) He was unable to push any changes for blacks through the very racist Congress.
F) A) and C)
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