Question 1

A nephron consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.
B)  an afferent and efferent arteriole.
C)  a cortex and a medulla.
D)  a bladder and a ureter.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Active transport mechanisms have limited transport capacities because the renal tubule is not very permeable to molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Select the sequence that indicates the parts of a renal tubule in the correct sequence from beginning to end.

Accepted Answer

A)  Proximal convoluted tubule, ascending limb of nephron loop, descending limb of nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
B)  Distal convoluted tubule, ascending limb of nephron loop, descending limb of nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule
C)  Proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb of nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
D)  Collecting duct, proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb of nephron loop, distal convoluted tubuleE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Kidney shrinkage with age is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  spooling of collecting ducts.
B)  loss of glomeruli.
C)  merging of proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
D)  proliferating nephron loops.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 5

The organs of the urinary system are

Accepted Answer

A)  the renal cortex, renal pelvis, and renal medulla.
B)  the glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, the nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, and the collecting duct.
C)  a kidney, a ureter, and paired bladders and urethras.
D)  paired kidneys, paired ureters, a bladder and a urethra.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 6

If the osmotic pressure of the blood plasma is decreased, the glomerular filtration rate is increased.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Liam is a body builder and frequently consumes protein powder as part of his fitness regimen. He consumes more protein than his body actually uses. What happens to the excess protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is filtered through the glomerular capillary into the glomerular capsule and into the nephron, where it is finally excreted in the urine.
B)  It is broken down into urea by the liver, which is then filtered into the glomerular capsule and also secreted elsewhere in the nephron.
C)  The large proteins are secreted into the distal convoluted tubule by tubular secretion.
D)  It is stored in adipocytes after being converted into fats.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

During urine formation, some substances move from the plasma in the peritubular capillary into the renal tubule by the process called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During urine formation, some substances move from...

Question 9

Hemodialysis involves

Accepted Answer

A)  an artificial kidney.
B)  an artificial liver.
C)  a kidney transplant.
D)  a bone marrow transplant.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

The efferent arteriole supplies blood to the capillary of the glomerulus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

At rest, the kidneys receive about a quarter of the blood coming from the heart.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Water is reabsorbed throughout most of the renal tubule by the process of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Water is reabsorbed throughout most of the...

Question 13

Karl is around 60 years old. He begins to notice that he can't control his bladder as efficiently lately. Leakage of urine is starting to become common. He might have

Accepted Answer

A)  enlarged kidneys.
B)  an enlarged prostate.
C)  less vitamin D.
D)  damaged nephrons.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Michael is 26 years old. He becomes dehydrated after a long run if he has not drunk enough. His infant son Sean, however, becomes dehydrated fairly frequently. This difference in susceptibility to dehydration is because

Accepted Answer

A)  adults drink more liquid.
B)  infants grow rapidly.
C)  infant kidneys are less able to conserve water.
D)  the infant thirst mechanism is underdeveloped.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

In which of the following regions of the nephron is water actively transported?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proximal convoluted tubule
B)  Descending limb of the nephron loop
C)  Peritubular capillaries
D)  Collecting ductE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 16

The juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates the filtration rate by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  vasodilation of the peritubular capillaries
B)  vasoconstriction of the peritubular capillaries
C)  renin-angiotensin II vasoconstricting both the afferent and efferent arterioles
D)  increasing osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsuleE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Which choice describes the countercurrent mechanism of the nephron loop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water moves out of the ascending limb; sodium moves into the ascending limb
B)  Water moves into the ascending limb; sodium moves out of the ascending limb
C)  Water moves out of the descending limb; sodium moves out of the ascending limb
D)  Water moves into the descending limb; sodium moves out of the descending limbE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

During development, the embryo is injected with anti-VEGF (which negates VEGF functions) . Which of the following effects will occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mesangial cells will be hyper-stimulated to specialize because VEGF is inhibited, so glomerular filtration rate will be highly decreased.
B)  VEGF won't stimulate growth of the proximal convoluted tubule.
C)  The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule will not be formed, as the squamous epithelium won't be attracted to VEGF.
D)  Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) will be mass-produced and cause unchecked growth and development of mesangial cells.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

Sympathetic nerve impulses usually cause proportional degrees of vasodilation in the afferent and efferent arterioles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The detrusor muscle is in the

Accepted Answer

A)  ureter.
B)  urethra.
C)  kidneys.
D)  urinary bladder.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Exam 20: Urinary System

A nephron consists of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Karl is around 60 years old. He begins to notice that he can't control his bladder as efficiently lately. Leakage of urine is starting to become common. He might have

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The efferent arteriole supplies blood to the capillary of the glomerulus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates the filtration rate by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During urine formation, some substances move from the plasma in the peritubular capillary into the renal tubule by the process called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Select the sequence that indicates the parts of a renal tubule in the correct sequence from beginning to end.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water is reabsorbed throughout most of the renal tubule by the process of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The detrusor muscle is in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which choice describes the countercurrent mechanism of the nephron loop?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At rest, the kidneys receive about a quarter of the blood coming from the heart.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sympathetic nerve impulses usually cause proportional degrees of vasodilation in the afferent and efferent arterioles.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the osmotic pressure of the blood plasma is decreased, the glomerular filtration rate is increased.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The organs of the urinary system are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Michael is 26 years old. He becomes dehydrated after a long run if he has not drunk enough. His infant son Sean, however, becomes dehydrated fairly frequently. This difference in susceptibility to dehydration is because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During development, the embryo is injected with anti-VEGF (which negates VEGF functions) . Which of the following effects will occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kidney shrinkage with age is due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hemodialysis involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which of the following regions of the nephron is water actively transported?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Liam is a body builder and frequently consumes protein powder as part of his fitness regimen. He consumes more protein than his body actually uses. What happens to the excess protein?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Active transport mechanisms have limited transport capacities because the renal tubule is not very permeable to molecules.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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